Tea

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2 studies · 1 recommendation

Last updated: February 15, 2026

Avoid2 studies

Hot and strong tea consumption linked to significantly higher gastric cancer risk

Two case-control studies from Ardabil, Iran—a region with among the highest gastric cancer rates worldwide—examined a combined 739 participants (259 gastric cancer cases, 480 controls). Hot tea drinking was a statistically significant risk factor in both studies (P<0.05). The larger population-based study (217 cases, 394 controls) found hot tea temperature preference associated with a 2.85-fold increased risk, while strong tea concentration independently carried a 2.64-fold elevated risk after adjusting for H. pylori status, diet, and demographics. The smaller study (42 cases, 86 controls) confirmed hot tea as one of the most significant dietary risk factors. Both tea temperature and concentration appear to independently contribute to gastric cancer risk, particularly in high-incidence populations.

Evidence

Case-Control Study of Dietary Pattern and Other Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer

Authors: مهدوی, رضا, نعمتی, علی, نقی زاده باقی, عباس

Published: June 1, 1391

In a case-control study of 42 gastric cancer patients and 86 healthy controls in Ardabil Province, Iran (one of the highest gastric cancer incidence regions globally), drinking hot tea was identified as one of the most significant dietary risk factors for gastric cancer (P<0.05). Participants had a mean age of 56.5 ± 12.8 years. Dietary pattern overall showed a significant relationship with gastric cancer among the 128 participants studied during 2010-2011. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and independent sample t-tests.

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The role of diet and other environmental factors in the causation of gastric cancer in Iran—A population based study

Authors: Acquavella, Aragones, Blackburn, Blair, Boeing, Boeing, Buiatti, Burns, Chen, Chow, Correa, Correa, Correa, Crew, Danesh, De Stefani, De Stefani, De Stefani, De Stefani, Derakhshan, Dorant, Dorzhgotov, Drake, Ekstrom, Engel, Eslick, Ferlay, Forman, Forman, Fox, Galanis, Gao, Goldbohm, Gonzalez, Gonzalez, Haenszel, Hamada, Harrison, Helicobacter and Cancer Collaborative Group, Honda, Howard, Huang, IARC, IARC, IARC, Inoue, Ito, Jansen, Joossens, Kamineni, Karmali, Kim, Kinlen, La Vecchia, La Vecchia, Lauren, Lee, Lissowska, Lissowska, Lopez-Carrillo, Machida-Montani, Mathew, Munoz, Munoz, Nomura, Palli, Parent, Parkin, Parsonnet, Rao, Rigdon, Rocco, Sadjadi, Sadjadi, Sadjadi, Samadi, Sitas, Takezaki, Touati, Tsugane, Uemura, Vineis, Ward, Watanabe, World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research, Xue, Yatsuya, Yazdanbod, You

Published: July 1, 1388

In a population-based case-control study of 217 gastric cancer cases and 394 controls from Ardabil, Iran (2004–2005), drinking hot tea was significantly associated with increased gastric cancer risk (OR = 2.85 for hot tea temperature preference). Additionally, strong tea concentration was independently associated with elevated risk (OR = 2.64). Both associations were significant in multivariate analysis adjusting for other dietary factors, H. pylori status, and demographic variables.

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