A primary malignant neoplasm involving the oesophagus
21 recommendations
Last updated: February 27, 2026
Alcohol consumption directly increases esophageal cancer risk, especially with heavy drinking
Higher dietary folate intake linked to significant esophageal cancer risk reduction
Tobacco smoking increases esophageal cancer risk two- to fivefold regardless of tobacco form
Difficulty swallowing in high-risk individuals demands prompt esophageal cancer evaluation
Unexplained weight loss may signal underlying esophageal cancer requiring prompt evaluation